struct net {
     struct net_device       *loopback_dev;          /* The loopback */
}


/* Setup and register the loopback device. */
static __net_init int loopback_net_init(struct net *net)
{
	struct net_device *dev;
	int err;

	err = -ENOMEM;
	dev = alloc_netdev(0, "lo", NET_NAME_UNKNOWN, loopback_setup);
	if (!dev)
		goto out;

	dev_net_set(dev, net);
	err = register_netdev(dev);
	if (err)
		goto out_free_netdev;

	BUG_ON(dev->ifindex != LOOPBACK_IFINDEX);
	net->loopback_dev = dev;
	return 0;

out_free_netdev:
	free_netdev(dev);
out:
	if (net_eq(net, &init_net))
		panic("loopback: Failed to register netdevice: %d\n", err);
	return err;
}

/* Registered in net/core/dev.c */
struct pernet_operations __net_initdata loopback_net_ops = {
	.init = loopback_net_init,
};

/*
 *       This is called single threaded during boot, so no need
 *       to take the rtnl semaphore.
 */
static int __init net_dev_init(void)
{
	int i, rc = -ENOMEM;

	BUG_ON(!dev_boot_phase);

	if (dev_proc_init())
		goto out;

	if (netdev_kobject_init())
		goto out;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ptype_all);
	for (i = 0; i < PTYPE_HASH_SIZE; i++)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ptype_base[i]);

	if (register_pernet_subsys(&netdev_net_ops))
		goto out;

	/*
	 *	Initialise the packet receive queues.
	 */

	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
		struct work_struct *flush = per_cpu_ptr(&flush_works, i);
		struct softnet_data *sd = &per_cpu(softnet_data, i);

		INIT_WORK(flush, flush_backlog);

		skb_queue_head_init(&sd->input_pkt_queue);
		skb_queue_head_init(&sd->process_queue);
#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM_OFFLOAD
		skb_queue_head_init(&sd->xfrm_backlog);
#endif
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sd->poll_list);
		sd->output_queue_tailp = &sd->output_queue;
#ifdef CONFIG_RPS
		INIT_CSD(&sd->csd, rps_trigger_softirq, sd);
		sd->cpu = i;
#endif

		init_gro_hash(&sd->backlog);
		sd->backlog.poll = process_backlog;
		sd->backlog.weight = weight_p;
	}

	dev_boot_phase = 0;

	/* The loopback device is special if any other network devices
	 * is present in a network namespace the loopback device must
	 * be present. Since we now dynamically allocate and free the
	 * loopback device ensure this invariant is maintained by
	 * keeping the loopback device as the first device on the
	 * list of network devices.  Ensuring the loopback devices
	 * is the first device that appears and the last network device
	 * that disappears.
	 */
	if (register_pernet_device(&loopback_net_ops))
		goto out;

	if (register_pernet_device(&default_device_ops))
		goto out;

	open_softirq(NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, net_tx_action);
	open_softirq(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, net_rx_action);

	rc = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_NET_DEV_DEAD, "net/dev:dead",
				       NULL, dev_cpu_dead);
	WARN_ON(rc < 0);
	rc = 0;
out:
	return rc;
}



/*
 * ifindex generation is per-net namespace, and loopback is
 * always the 1st device in ns (see net_dev_init), thus any
 * loopback device should get ifindex 1
 */

#define LOOPBACK_IFINDEX	1